Method of making articles of manganese steel and like metal.



. ticles of Man anese Steel and Like Metal, ofv

' metho UNr'ran srnrns Parana onirica.

WESLEX- G. NICHOLS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN BRAKE SHOE & FOUNDRY COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

METHOD OF MAKING ARTICLES OF MANGANESE STEEL AND LIKE METAL.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WESLEY G. NICHOLS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Method of lVIaking Arwhich the fol owing is a specification.

The objectv of my invention is to provide a new and improved method of making articles of manganese steel and like materia and especially stamp shoes and dies for stamp mills and like machines.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a central section of an elevation of a complete stamp shoe, made andproperly connected to its stem'by my new method. Fi 2 is asimilar view of a com lete stamp fie 'made by 'm new Fi 3 is a cross section ta (en on line 3-3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a central section of an elevation of'a stamp' shoe, showing the stem before it 'has been swaged into the socket providedfor it in the shoe. Fig. 5 is a similar view of a stamp die, -showing the two members thereof before being united by the swaged ring.

In all of the views the same numerals of reference are used to indicate similar arts.

The material of which such devices s iould be made must possess the qualit of toughness, hardness and durabilit ith a shoe of this character it is a mec anica'l problem to secure it iirml to the operating stem by a means sufficient y positive and substantial, for the reason that the metal of which the shoe and die must be composed is ofsuch a refractory nature that it is inexpedient, if not impossible to fashion or change its shape, or coniiguration, after being cast, by means of ordinary cutting tools. It has been found, from practice, that a metal or allo known in the trade as manganese stee is admirably adapted for tools of this character.

When first made, castings of manganese steel are extremely brittle and are not, inthis condition, adapted for such tools. It, therefore, becomes necessary after making the castings of manganese steel, to subject them 4to a process of toughenmg, hardening or Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 6, 1906.

'Patented may 1e, 1908.

serial ammasso.

and subsequently reheating and ra idly cooling them, as by an immersion d 'the said castings in brine of like solution.

The tem ering effect, to 'render the 'castings entirey and sufficientlyhomogeneous,

vtough and strong for the purpose, should penetrate through the entire casting. 'Practical experience has demonstrated 'the I:fact that this treatment oftoughening or'tem ering, is not effective `beyond a 'depth of our inches from the surface of the casting, and that better results may'be attained if every part of the casting is contained Within 'an area which does not at an point extend further than three inches om its peripheral boundary.

I will iirst describe theiinish'ed product,'as shown in Figs. 1, 4, and 3.and 'then'will'set forththe method of its manufacture. f

10 is a stamp shoe, preferably cast'of'manganese steel, or similar metal, in one piece, and with an opening penetrating the mass'beyoiid its central interior. Thls opening is composed of two portions, 'the smooth,ta-

'ings ordepressions, are made into thebody part of the shoe so as'to present surfaces for the brine or other liquid used in theprocess of toughening or tempering 'the castings, to enter the interior of the mass while undergoing'the hardening or toughening process, or treatment, whereby every ortion ofthe structure is lrendered positivey tough and homogeneous. The Qpenin s "may extend partially through or entirely t rough the casting, as shown.

A plug 13, tapering to corres ond with-the opening 11,an preferablyma e ofthe same material as that ol which the body 'part of the shoe 10 is composed, and 'treated and toughened inthe same manner, is'made to fit the opening snugly and is driven into the said o enmg by heavy vand powerful impact b ows unti Iit 'is firmly seated therein and makes intimate contact with all the surface thereof. The plug is thus placed in the opening in order to provide a solid, continu- 'pered depression 11, made into thebody part v ous mass of strong, tough material, adapted 1 complish this result the stem 14 is placed in the opening and subsequently swaged into the irregular surfaces provided in the said opening or socket, for its reception, until the spaces under the ledges are entirely filled with the relatively ductile metal.

Preferably the stem 14 is initially a round bar of forty carbon steel, preferably slightly pointed at the end, as at 15.

rlhe end of the bar is heated to a degree of temperature which renders the end, to'some extent, plastic. The immediate end is then dipped into water to harden the end surface. The bar is then inserted in the irregular formed socket 15, While hot, theend, being firmly seated on top of the plugD 11. The ring 16 is first placed over the en of the bar 14, immediately above the socket, as shown, to prevent the bar from expanding or spreading at the top where it enters the socket 12. After the bar has been inserted in the socket, and while hot it is subjected tothe eect of the im act of a series of heavy blows,"i-n1chj as pro uced by a steam hammer, or to great ressure, as under the influence of a hydrauic press, until theplastic, hotvend 15, of the4 bar'14 has become expanded, or swagedunder the led es 17, thereby securing the manganese st-ee plug 11 firmly in place within the central mass of the shoe, and securing the shoe t'o the stem 14, in a manner, and by a method which tends to ltighten the union between the shoe and stem as the two are continued in use. lEach successive blow struck by the shoe when in regular use tends to increase the binding effect by exerting a tendency to further expand the stem.

By the enective use, the shoe 1() Wears away, the working surface gradually approachin the end of the stem, and the shoe is continue in use until subsequently all parts of it have been used up, or worn awa As a result of the wear described, t e lower end of the plug 1 1 will finally be exposed, but bein tapered it Willnot drop out of the cavity a ter the line of wear has passed above the lower end of the said plug, but will be retained therein with the :same firmness with Which-it was originally held in place.

The die 20 is also referably made of manganese steel treated 1n the manner heretofore referred to with reference to the shoe 10.

The die 20 is provided ywith a central, taering opening or perforation 21, rovided or the same purpose as that for w ich the opening 11 is provided in the shoe 10, that is, to present a surface within the central mass so th'at the tapering effect may penetrate sufficiently from the interior to meet the effect produced ybycontact of the temperin fluid with the'exterior surface, thereby pro ucing a homogeneous', toughened structure. die 20 has an annulargroove 22 cast around the .tapered opening 21 A tapered lug 23, preferably made of the 'same materia as the .die 20, and treated in the same manner for the purpose of toughening' and hardening, is provided with an annular groove, 23, cast around its lower end.

The opening 21, and the plug 23, are corre-l spondingly ta ered-toward the lower end, to

prevent the p ug from being driven 'through 30 the die, the side surfaces of the die 20 resistin this action.- y

he plug 23 is driven into the opening 21, bythe same method employed for inserting the plug 13 in the opening 11 of the shoe 10, g5 or otherwise forced thereinto, preferably under more or less compression.

'An annulus, or ring, 24, preferably of forty carbon steel, is heated to the proper degree of temperature, land placed. 1n the annular 90 groove formed by the depression 23', in the plug 23, and the groove 22 obthedie 20. The ring is then driven, by means ofthe impact produced by a. series of blows from a steam animer, or otherwise, until the plastic material, comlposing the said ring, entirely and completely fills the grooves 22, 23, in a manner plain y shown 1n F' 2. The ring-like cavity is completely fille b the application of impact or pressure, wit a high carbon A steel massthat will rmly hold the arts of the diein'contact, in all conditions o opera-J tion.

The die y2O is subject to wear.,l but as it wears down, the plug 23 is not so affected by 105 the results of wear as to loosen its connection withthe main bodyart of the'di'e 20.

In the practice o the method heretofore described, my improved shoe and die may be produced and thorou hly tempered, or treated throu hout its entire mass to render it sufcientl ard and tough to admirably withstand t e eects of the severe use to which it is subjected in actual practica.'

I have described my method ofeonstruc- I tion in connection .with 'stamp shoes and dies, but it is of course obvious that other articles of manufacture may be made by the practice of the same method without departing from vention. r

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, of the United States is:

1. The method of producin' manganese steel, and like meta which consists in casting the article with an openin and casting an insert of manganese steel to t the opening, then treating said castings to the spirit and scope of the claims of my inrender them tough and durable, then placing 1340 The 70 articles of said insert in said opening, and then swaging a softer metal in said opening in position to retain the insert in place.

2. The method of roducin articles of manganese steel and 11 e meta which consists in casting the article with a'plurality of oeningsbetween the superficial confines of -W ich not more than eight inches of the solid mass intervenes, casting inserts to fill the openings, then treating said castings and inserts to render them tough and durable, then forcing said inserts in said openings, then swaging a soft metal in said openings to rei tain the inserts in place.

3. The method hereinbefore described for producin articles of relatively refractory metal, W ich consists in casting the article with an opening therein and treating said article so formed to render saine tough and durable and flnallysecuring an insert of like tough and durable metal in said opening.

`Intestimony whereof I hereunto set my hand in the presence of two Witnesses.

WESLEY G. NICHOLS.

In the presence of CHARLES GUEST. C. G. BAIR. 

